basic:
↑
←   h   j   k   l   →
↓

:w
write / save
:w {file}       write to file / save as
:wq / ZZ
write and quit / save and quit
:q! / ZQ        force quit / quit without
saving

d{motion}       delete / cut
y{motion}       yank / copy
p
put / paste

cursor -> line:
a               append
after the cursor
A               append after the line
i
insert before the cursor
I               insert before the line
r
replace at the cursor
R               replace the line
s
substitute at the cursor
S               substitute the line
u
undo            CTRL-R      undo the undo
U               undo the
line
v               start visual mode per character
V               start
visual mode line-wise

forward -> backward:
x               delete
characters forward
X               delete characters backward
p
put after the cursor
P               put before the cursor
o
open a line below
O               open a line above

f{char}
find {char} forward
F{char}         find {char} backward
t{char}
till {char} forward
T{char}         till {char} backward
;
next {char} occurrence
,               previous {char}
occurrence

/{pattern}      search {pattern} forward
?{pattern}
search {pattern} backward
n               next {pattern} occurrence
N
previous {pattern} occurrence

motion / word -> WORD:
w
forward to the start of word
W               forward to the start
of WORD
e               forward to the end of word
E               forward
to the end of WORD
b               backward to the start of word
B
backward to the start of WORD
ge              backward to the end of
word
gE              backward to the end of WORD

0               to
the first character of the line
^               to the first non-blank
character of the line
$               to the last character of the
line
g_              to the last non-blank character of the line

d
-> dd -> D:
d{motion}       delete
dd              delete a
line
D               delete to the end of the line
c{motion}
change
cc              change a line
C               change to the end of
the line
y{motion}       yank/copy
yy              yank/copy a line
Y
same as yy, unfortunately we are not in a perfect
world

advanced:
H               High / to first line on the
window
M               Middle / to middle line of the window
L
Low / to last line on the window

:1 / gg         to first line of the
file
:[+/-]{number}  to relative/absolute line number
:$ / G          to
last line of the file

%               find a matching

:s/old/new
substitute once
:s/old/new/g    substitute all on a
line
:%s/old/new/g   substitute all in the file
:%s/old/new/gi  substitute
all in the file, ignore case
:%s/old/new/gn  count occurrence only, do not
substitute
:%s/old/new/gc  substitute all in the file, with
confirmation

:!{cmd}         execute {cmd} with the shell
:!!
repeat last shell command

:w !sudo tee %  save as root

来源：http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?f=68&t=290466

其实记住vim有两个状态就好：插入状态和命令状态。i，进入插入文本状态，ESC，返回命令状态。输入命令前记得先打冒号: